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了解閥門驅(qū)動：手動、電動、氣動和液壓（中英文）

閥門驅(qū)動是指打開或關(guān)閉閥門的過程。閥門執(zhí)行器可以手動操作，也可以使用電力、壓縮空氣或流體驅(qū)動。每種類型都有各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和使用場景。

請注意，除了動力源外，還必須指定閥門執(zhí)行器的運(yùn)動類型。旋轉(zhuǎn)閥門執(zhí)行器產(chǎn)生旋轉(zhuǎn)或“旋轉(zhuǎn)”類型的運(yùn)動，適用于操作四分之一回轉(zhuǎn)閥門，例如球閥、蝶閥和旋塞閥。線性閥門執(zhí)行器產(chǎn)生線性或“直線”類型的運(yùn)動，適用于操作閘閥、截止閥和夾管閥。

Valve actuation is the process of opening or closing a valve. The valve actuator can be operated manually by hand or powered using electricity, compressed air, or fluid. Each type has its own pros, cons, and use cases.

Note that besides the power source, the valve actuator motion type must also be specified. Rotary valve actuators produce a rotational or ‘turning’ type of motion, which is suited to operating quarter turn valves such as ball, butterfly and plug valves. Linear valve actuators produce a linear or ‘straight-line’ type of motion, which is suited to operating gate, globe and pinch valves.

閥門執(zhí)行器的類型

Types of Valve Actuators

手動閥門執(zhí)行器

Manual Valve Actuators

杠桿操作球閥

Lever operated ball valve

手動執(zhí)行器由手動操作。這類執(zhí)行器包括杠桿、手輪、T 型鍵和齒輪傳動裝置。手動執(zhí)行器通常用于不需要自動化的系統(tǒng)。它們比電動執(zhí)行器更便宜，并且通常適用于低壓應(yīng)用。手動閥門也可用作備用關(guān)閉閥，以防主自動緊急關(guān)閉閥 (ESD) 發(fā)生故障。手動執(zhí)行器包括杠桿球閥、手輪閘閥和齒輪箱蝶閥。

Manual actuators are operated by hand. Examples of these actuators include levers, handwheels, T-keys and gear drives. Manual actuation is often used in systems where automation is not required. They are cheaper than their actuated counterparts, and are generally suited to low pressure applications. Manual valves may also be used as backup shutdown valves, in case the primary automated emergency shutdown valve (ESD) fails. Examples of hand actuators include lever ball valves, handwheel gate valves and gearbox butterfly valves.

手動閥門的優(yōu)勢

Advantages of manual valves

? 它是最經(jīng)濟(jì)的閥門驅(qū)動方式。

? 無需依賴外部電源。

? 設(shè)計(jì)更簡單，部件更少，使這些閥門故障率更低，維護(hù)更方便。

? It is the cheapest type of valve actuation.

? Does not depend on an external power source.

? Simpler design with fewer components, making these valves less likely to fail and easier to maintain.

手動閥門的缺點(diǎn)

Disadvantages of manual valves

? 操作大型閥門可能比較困難，尤其是在高壓應(yīng)用中?？赡苄枰酝ㄩy或平衡閥。

? 不適用于自動化系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儫o法遠(yuǎn)程、自動或基于控制系統(tǒng)反饋進(jìn)行操作。

? 開啟和關(guān)閉速度可能較慢，尤其是對于大型線性運(yùn)動閥門，例如閘閥。

? Operating large valves can be difficult, particularly in high-pressure applications. Bypass or balancing valves may be required.

? Not suitable for automated systems, as they can’t be operated remotely, automatically, or based on control system feedback.

? Can be slow to open and close, especially for large, linear motion valves, such as gate valves.

常見的手動閥門應(yīng)用

Common manual valve applications

? 閥門維護(hù)

? 住宅和商業(yè)管道

? 散裝管道隔離閥

? Maintenance valves

? Residential and commercial plumbing

? Bulk pipeline isolation valves

電動閥門執(zhí)行器

Electric Valve Actuators

配有電動執(zhí)行器的球閥

Ball valve fitted with electric actuator

電動執(zhí)行器利用電力產(chǎn)生機(jī)械運(yùn)動，通常通過電動機(jī)和齒輪組實(shí)現(xiàn)。電動閥門執(zhí)行器適用于需要精確控制閥門位置的應(yīng)用，以及需要遠(yuǎn)程閥門驅(qū)動并與工廠控制系統(tǒng)集成的自動化工廠。電動閥門執(zhí)行器可以提供線性或旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動來打開和關(guān)閉閥門。電動閥門的示例包括用于開關(guān)控制的電磁閥和用于調(diào)節(jié)工藝過程中流體流量的電動截止閥。

Electric actuators use electricity to develop mechanical motion, typically through an electric motor and gear assembly. Electric valve actuators are suited to applications that require precise control over valve position, as well as automated plants that require remote valve actuation and integration with plant control systems. Linear or rotary motion can be provided to open and close valves. Examples of electric actuated valves include solenoid valves used for on-off control, and electric actuated globe valves used to regulate fluid flow in a process.

電動閥門執(zhí)行器的優(yōu)勢

Advantages of electric valve actuators

? 可快速開啟和關(guān)閉閥門。

? 精度高。

? 易于與自動化控制系統(tǒng)集成。

? 提供節(jié)能高效的執(zhí)行解決方案。

? 與其他電動執(zhí)行器相比，更清潔、更安靜。

? Can open and close valves quickly.

? Offers a high degree of precision.

? Simple to integrate with automated control systems.

? Provides an energy efficient actuation solution.

? Clean and silent when compared to other powered actuators.

電動閥門執(zhí)行器的缺點(diǎn)

Disadvantages of electric valve actuators

? 如果超出其工作等級或服務(wù)范圍使用，可能會過熱并導(dǎo)致性能下降。

? 不適用于需要高輸出扭矩的大型閥門或高壓應(yīng)用。

? May overheat and degrade if used outside its duty class or service classifications.

? Not suitable for large valves or high pressure applications, where a high output torque is required.

電動執(zhí)行器常見應(yīng)用

Common electric actuator applications

? 自動化水廠

? 制造設(shè)施中的過程控制

? 供暖、通風(fēng)和空調(diào) (HVAC) 系統(tǒng)

? Automated water plants

? Process control in manufacturing facilities

? Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems

氣動閥門執(zhí)行器

Pneumatic Valve Actuators

配有氣動執(zhí)行器的蝶閥

Butterfly valve fitted with pneumatic actuator

氣動執(zhí)行器利用氣壓產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動。壓縮空氣在腔室內(nèi)積聚，并推動活塞或隔膜，進(jìn)而推動執(zhí)行器和閥桿，從而打開或關(guān)閉閥門。氣動閥門執(zhí)行器通常用于需要快速、規(guī)律運(yùn)動的系統(tǒng)中。

Pneumatic actuators use air pressure to generate motion. The compressed air builds up within a chamber, and pushes against a piston or diaphragm, which in turn moves the actuator and valve stem, opening or closing the valve. Pneumatic valve actuators are commonly found in systems that require fast, regular motion.

氣動閥門執(zhí)行器的優(yōu)勢

Advantages of pneumatic valve actuators

? 與其他執(zhí)行器相比，價(jià)格相對便宜。

? 響應(yīng)速度快，動作迅速。

? 設(shè)置和維護(hù)簡單。

? Relatively cheap, when compared to other actuators.

? Provides fast response times and rapid movement.

? Simple to set up and maintain.

氣動閥門執(zhí)行器的缺點(diǎn)

Disadvantages of pneumatic valve actuators

? 需要單獨(dú)的氣源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

? 漏氣容易降低效率。

? 運(yùn)行噪音大，排氣時(shí)會發(fā)出嘶嘶聲或吹氣聲。

? Requires separate air supply infrastructure.

? Air leaks tend to reduce efficiency.

? Operation is noisy, with a hissing or blowing sound accompanying air release.

氣動執(zhí)行器常見應(yīng)用

Common pneumatic actuator applications

? 制造過程中操作機(jī)械

? 控制輸送系統(tǒng)

? 生產(chǎn)設(shè)施中的自動化裝配線

? Operating machinery in manufacturing processes

? Controlling conveyor systems

? Automating assembly lines in production facilities

液壓閥門執(zhí)行器

Hydraulic Valve Actuators

液壓缸是線性液壓執(zhí)行器的組成部分

A hydraulic cylinder, which is an integral component of linear hydraulic actuators

液壓執(zhí)行器使用加壓流體（通常是油）推動氣缸內(nèi)的活塞或葉片，產(chǎn)生線性或旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動。液壓閥門執(zhí)行器可用于打開或關(guān)閉閥門，或控制閥門的位置。雙作用執(zhí)行器向活塞的兩側(cè)施加壓力，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)開啟和關(guān)閉方向的受控運(yùn)動。單作用執(zhí)行器僅向活塞的一側(cè)施加壓力，依靠重力、彈簧或其他形式的輔助關(guān)閉裝置。

液壓執(zhí)行器通常用于需要極大操作力的應(yīng)用中，例如石油天然氣、發(fā)電和采礦行業(yè)中的重型工業(yè)流程。

Hydraulic actuators use pressurized fluid, usually oil, to push a piston or vane housed within a cylinder, developing linear or rotary motion. Hydraulic valve actuators can be used to move a valve open and closed, or control a valve’s position. Double acting actuators apply pressure to both sides of the piston, allowing for controlled movement in both open and closed directions. Single acting actuators apply pressure to one side of the piston only, relying on gravity, springs, or other forms of assisted closure.

Hydraulic actuators are commonly found in applications that require very large operating forces, such as heavy-duty industrial processes within the oil and gas, power generation and mining industries

液壓閥門執(zhí)行器的優(yōu)勢

Advantages of hydraulic valve actuators

? 能夠產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的推力，因此可在高壓應(yīng)用中操作大型閥門。

? 堅(jiān)固耐用的設(shè)計(jì)，可承受惡劣條件。

? 在泵或電源發(fā)生故障時(shí)，仍能保持閥門位置，從而提高安全性。

? Capable of generating substantial forces, hence they can operate large valves in high pressure applications.

? Durable and robust design which can withstand harsh conditions.

? Can maintain valve position in the event of a pump or power failure, allowing for added safety.

液壓閥門執(zhí)行器的缺點(diǎn)

Disadvantages of hydraulic valve actuators

? 需要許多輔助部件，包括儲液罐、泵和閥門。

? 液壓油泄漏會影響性能，并造成環(huán)境危害。

? 與其他類型的執(zhí)行器相比成本相對較高。

? 維護(hù)復(fù)雜。

? Requires many auxiliary components, including a fluid reservoir, pumps and valves.

? Hydraulic fluid leaks can compromise performance, and pose environmental hazards.

? Relatively high cost compared to other actuator types.

? Complex maintenance is required.

常見應(yīng)用

Common Applications

? 渦輪主進(jìn)水閥通常采用液壓驅(qū)動制動裝置

? 承受高壓差的大直徑控制閥通常使用液壓執(zhí)行器。例如，用于水壩出口流量控制的液壓驅(qū)動套筒閥。

? 車輛制動系統(tǒng)

? Turbine main inlet valves typically employ hydraulic actuated brake units

? Large diameter control valves subjected to high differential pressures commonly use hydraulic actuators. An example is hydraulic actuated sleeve valves used for dam outlet flow control.

? Vehicle braking systems

手動、電動、氣動和液壓執(zhí)行器

Manual vs. Electric vs. Pneumatic vs. Hydraulic Actuators

下表總結(jié)了常見閥門自動化選項(xiàng)的主要特點(diǎn)。

The table below summarizes the key features of common types of valve automation options.

關(guān)于閥門執(zhí)行器的總結(jié)

Closing Thoughts on Valve Actuators

了解不同類型的閥門執(zhí)行器對于為用戶的系統(tǒng)選擇最佳的執(zhí)行器閥門至關(guān)重要。無論是安裝新閥門還是維護(hù)現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)，選擇最佳的高質(zhì)量執(zhí)行器閥門都能提升系統(tǒng)的性能和使用壽命。

Understanding the different types of valve actuators is crucial in selecting the best actuated valve for your system. Whether you're installing new valves or maintaining an existing system, choosing the best, high quality actuated valves can enhance your system’s performance and longevity.