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如何根據(jù)應用選擇商業(yè)和工業(yè)布線設備

接線裝置款式各異，專為特定市場而設計。了解這些獨特的款式、功能、合規(guī)性以及使用注意事項，有助于確保選擇最適合應用的設備。

首先，介紹一些有助于理解行業(yè)術語的定義（本文僅使用基本定義）。

Wiring devices come in unique styles, designed for specific markets. Understanding the unique styles, features, code compliance and use considerations will help ensure you choose the best device for your application.

First, a few definitions that will help with terminology used in the industry (I’ll just use basic definitions in this discussion).

插頭——通常指公插頭。這部分連接有外露的插片，可插入插座或連接器。想象一下手機充電器、家用電器或延長線。它連接到插座，為任何插入的設備供電。此外，還有公插座（下文將介紹），連接器可插入其中——更多詳情請見下文。插頭可以模壓在電線上，例如延長線或電源線，也可以作為獨立部件機械連接。有些插頭甚至配有內(nèi)置指示燈，用于指示電源狀態(tài)。

Plug – often referred to a Male Plug. This part of the connection has exposed blades that insert into a receptacle or Connector. Think of our phone charger, a home appliance or extension cord. This connects to a receptacle that provides power to whatever you are plugging in. There are also Male Inlets, explained below, that a connector would plug into – more on that below. Plugs can be molded to the cord, as in an extension or power cord, or they can be mechanically attached as a separate piece. Some can even have an internal light to show the presence of power.

連接器——通常稱為母插座、母連接器或插座，用于將電源傳輸至插頭或任何需要供電的設備。從技術上講，它位于延長線（模壓式）的末端，或機械連接到電線（單獨連接的部件）。與帶燈插頭一樣，連接器也可以發(fā)光，表示插座有電。

Connector – often referred to as a Female Receptacle, Female Connector or Outlet that transfers power to a plug and whatever you are powering. Technically it would be on the end of an extension cord (molded style) or mechanically attached to a cord (separate part attached). Like the lighted plug, connectors can also be lit, showing there is power at the receptacle.

插座——插座，有時也稱為墻壁插座，提供雙工插座（兩個插入點，或單個，只有一個插入點）。

Receptacles – receptacles, sometimes referred to as wall receptacles, are offered in a duplex (two spots to plug in to or, single, only one spot to plug into).

入口——用戶可能會在電視背面找到入口，那里有一根電源線，該電源線連接到電視，電源側(cè)端有一個插頭，另一端有一個模制連接器。（模制連接器插入電視）。在此示例中，入口將電力從帶有連接器（母頭）的電線傳輸?shù)诫娨暠趁娴墓^入口，該入口具有外露的插頭葉片。除了電視，還可以在臺式電腦上看到這些。在工業(yè)領域，在剪刀升降機、卡車加熱器和其他沒有電線可插入的設備中也能發(fā)現(xiàn)這些，需要電線插入才能供電。入口意味著電線的公頭位于需要供電的設備上，無需拖著電線插入電源。

Inlets – you might find inlets on the back of your TV where you have a power cord that is attached to the TV with a plug on the power side end and molded connector on the other. (The molded connector plugs in to the TV). Inlets, in this example transfer power from a cord with a connector (female) the male inlet on the back of the TV, which has exposed plug blades. In addition to TV’s, you’ll find these on desktop computers. In industry, you’ll find these on scissor lifts, truck heaters and other equipment that don’t have a cord to plug in, rather they need a cord to plug in to it for power. Inlets mean that the male side of the cord is on the units to be powered without, dragging around a cord to plug in for power.

出口——這類設備在家庭、辦公室和工業(yè)領域隨處可見。在工業(yè)應用中，你可能會在為延長線供電的面板上看到它們。插座的設計有直插式、鎖定式以及插針式和套管式。

Outlets – these devices you find throughout your home, offices and in industry. You might find them in industrial applications on a panel supplying power to an extension cord. Outlets are designed in straight blade, locking and pin and sleeve applications.

規(guī)范合規(guī)性和接線設備一致性 - NEMA 配置

Code Compliance and wiring device uniformity – NEMA Configurations

NEMA 是什么？NEMA 是美國電氣制造商協(xié)會 (NEMA) 的縮寫，該協(xié)會負責制定規(guī)范和合規(guī)性，以確保母插頭和母插座（無論是帶鎖式還是直式）能夠相互匹配——這意味著無論在哪里找到插座，都可以連接類似配置的插頭。想象一下，如果沒有標準，嘗試插入手機充電器將會是一項挑戰(zhàn)。

Who is NEMA? NEMA stands for the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, which sets codes and compliance to ensure the female plug and receptacles, locking or straight, intermate – meaning wherever you find a receptacle you’d be able to attach your similar configured plug. Imagine if there were not any standards – trying to plug in your phone charger would be a challenge.

NEMA 配置 - NEMA 有多種不同的配置，旨在通過互配性確保安全。NEMA 配置通過極片（刀片）、電壓和電流值進行區(qū)分。這確保了連接類似電壓和電流值的設備時的安全。例如，250 伏的設備（例如空調(diào)或加熱器）不會插入 125 伏（家中或工作場所的標準插座）中。

刀片配置也有獨特的樣式，有助于確保插頭、連接器或插座保持連接。下文中簡要解釋這些樣式。

NEMA Configurations - There are distinct NEMA configurations that are designed to ensure safety through intermateability. NEMA configurations are separated by poles (blades), voltage and amperage. This ensures safety when connecting similar voltages and amperages. For example, a 250-Volt device, think air conditioner or heater, would not plug into a 125-Volt, your standard receptacle in your home or in the workplace.

There are unique styles of blades configurations too that help ensure that plugs and connectors or receptacle stay attached. I’ll try and explain those briefly below.

· 直刀片 – 直刀片裝置最為常見?？梢栽诩抑谢蚬ぷ鲌鏊业剿鼈儯糜谶B接手機、電腦、烘干機、爐灶、工具和工具電池充電器。

· 鎖定 – 鎖定裝置用于確保插頭始終連接到鎖定插座或連接器。移動設備時，如果電線、插頭或連接器受到拉力，則使用鎖定裝置，以確保不會意外斷開連接，從而造成潛在傷害。此外，還有微型鎖定插頭、連接器和插座。這些通常用于工業(yè)領域的低功率應用，以及普通尺寸設備占用過多空間的應用。

· 非NEMA – 非NEMA是指在NEMA配置設計之前最常見的設備?？赡軙谳^舊的制造工廠中找到這些配置。有一些配置仍然存在，但許多已被更安全的NEMA配置所取代。有些非NEMA配置是專門為確保產(chǎn)品不會相互連接而設計的。

· Straight Blade – Straight Blade Devices are the most common. You find these throughout your home or at work to plug in your phone, computer, dryer, range, tools and battery chargers for tools.

· Locking – Locking devices are used to ensure that the plug stays attached to a locking receptacle or connector. These are used when there is tension on a cord and plug or connector when moving equipment around to ensure there is not an accidental disconnect, causing potential harm. There are also Miniature Locking Plugs, Connectors and Outlets. These are normally used in industry for low power applications and where normal sized devices would take up too much space.

· Non-Nema – Non-Nema refers to devices that were most often created before NEMA configurations were designed. You might find these configurations in older manufacturing facilities. There are a few configurations that still linger, but many have been replaced with safer Nema configurations. There are non-nema configurations designed intentionally to ensure products are not intermated.

國際配置——如果最近去過歐洲，可能會注意到那里的插座和插頭組合風格有所不同，它們采用圓形插腳，電壓更高，有時循環(huán)額定值也不同——通常是 60hz 和 50hz。60hz（北美大部分地區(qū)適用）和 50hz（世界不同地區(qū)可能適用）。了解兩者的區(qū)別很重要，因為有些電器對循環(huán)額定值很敏感，連接到其中一種電器時可能無法正常工作。

International Configurations – if you’ve traveled to Europe recently you may have noticed a different style of receptacle and plug combination, this with round pins with higher voltages and sometimes different cycle ratings – typically 60hz and 50hz. 60hz (you’ll find in most of North America) and 50hz (you might find this in distinct parts of the world). It is important to know the difference as some electrical devices are sensitive to the cycle rating and will not work properly when connected to one or the other.

其他 NEMA 評級 – 還有其他幾種 NEMA 評級，下面將介紹兩種在行業(yè)中較為常見的評級 –

Other NEMA Ratings – there are several other NEMA ratings, I’ll touch on two that are more common to our industry –

· 耐腐蝕 – 這些設備配有鍍鎳刀片、觸點和螺釘。這些設備可能用于海洋環(huán)境，或存在化學品或其他腐蝕性物質(zhì)會損害耐用性或電接觸，從而造成傷害的環(huán)境。

· 醫(yī)院級設備 – 這些設備旨在承受醫(yī)院環(huán)境的嚴苛考驗，在這些環(huán)境中，設備可能會遭受沖擊、擠壓或在極端角度斷開連接，從而損害電路和救生應用中的連接。觀看任何熱門的醫(yī)院節(jié)目或親眼目睹醫(yī)院的環(huán)境；看到醫(yī)院里推著推車，在生死攸關的時刻奔波，就能理解為什么需要醫(yī)院級設備標準。

· Corrosion Resistant – these devices have nickel plated blades, contacts and screws. These devices might be used in Marine or environments where chemicals or other corrosive substances will compromise durability or electrical contact, causing harm.

· Hospital Grade Devices - These devices are designed to withstand the rigors of hospital environments where devices might face impact, potential to be crushed or disconnect at extreme angles, compromising circuits and connection in life saving applications. Watching any popular Hospital program on TV or seeing the environment yourself; with carts being raced around inside a hospital in life and death situations, you can understand why there are hospital grade device standards.

其他考慮因素——在選擇合適的設備時，通常會面臨一個既有的標準。在某些情況下，可能會首先考慮更換設備的原因——例如設備磨損，或者設備因潮濕、灰塵、污垢或腐蝕而失效，并選擇更適合應用的設備——耐用性、環(huán)境適應性等。

無論是更換設備還是安裝新設備，都需要考慮設備可能暴露的環(huán)境，以及其使用壽命期間可能面臨的溫度范圍、灰塵、潮濕、沖擊、室內(nèi)或室外等嚴苛條件。在潮濕環(huán)境下，請考慮使用鍍層刀片；內(nèi)部防潮防塵密封，以防止污垢、灰塵和濕氣順著電源線進入設備，從而縮短其使用壽命。

Other Considerations – when selecting the right device, you are often faced with a standard that already exists In some of those situations you might consider why you are replacing the device in the first place – wear and tear or perhaps the device failed due to moisture, dust, dirt of corrosion and select a device more suitable for your application – durability, environmental worthiness, etc.

Whether you are replacing a device or installing something new, consider the environment the device might be exposed to and the rigors of temperature range, dust, damp, impact, indoor or outdoor that it will face in its service life. Consider plated blades for damp environments, internal moisture and dust seals to prevent integration of dirt, dust and moisture to migrate down the cord and into the device shortening its life.