關(guān)于電氣終端扭矩和安全性——您需要了解的（中英文）
了解安全電氣連接所需的螺釘端接和扭矩要求。
Discover the screw terminations and torque requirements needed for secure electrical connections.
即使是像安裝電源插座這樣的日常操作，如果操作不當(dāng)，也可能造成安全隱患。
最新的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)有助于消除潛在的安全問(wèn)題，例如端子松動(dòng)。以下是用戶需要了解的有關(guān)電氣連接安全端子的信息，以及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品如何提供幫助。
Even an everyday operation like installing an electrical outlet can create a safety hazard when done improperly.
The recent innovations help eliminate potential safety problems, like loose terminations. Here’s what you need to know about safe terminations in electrical connections and how the products help.
扭矩標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有哪些？NEC 110.14(D)
What are the torque standards? NEC 110.14(D)
美國(guó)國(guó)家電氣規(guī)范 (NEC) 是美國(guó)電氣布線和安裝的一套強(qiáng)制性指南。該規(guī)范每三年發(fā)布一次，由美國(guó)國(guó)家消防協(xié)會(huì) (NFPA) 強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。
NEC 110.14(D) 新增了一項(xiàng)規(guī)范條款，用于規(guī)范如何將接線設(shè)備的端子螺釘擰緊到特定扭矩。更新后的規(guī)范要求使用經(jīng)過(guò)校準(zhǔn)的扭矩工具來(lái)達(dá)到設(shè)備端子的指示扭矩值。此規(guī)則適用于所有情況，除非制造商在其安裝說(shuō)明中提供了替代方法。
遵守 2017 年規(guī)范的州，當(dāng)設(shè)備安裝說(shuō)明提供了擰緊扭矩?cái)?shù)值時(shí)，必須使用經(jīng)過(guò)校準(zhǔn)的扭矩工具。遵守 2020 年或更高版本規(guī)范的州現(xiàn)在必須遵循擴(kuò)展的 2017 年規(guī)則，即使用“認(rèn)可的方法”來(lái)達(dá)到必要的扭矩值。大多數(shù)設(shè)備制造商始終會(huì)提供扭矩?cái)?shù)值。這意味著電工現(xiàn)在需要自行購(gòu)買(mǎi)昂貴的扭矩扳手（或其他經(jīng)過(guò)校準(zhǔn)的合格設(shè)備），這會(huì)增加每次安裝的時(shí)間和費(fèi)用。
The National Electrical Code (NEC) is a required set of guidelines for electrical wiring and installations in the United States. It is published every three years and enforced by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
A new code section, NEC 110.14(D), has been introduced to address tightening the terminal screws of wiring devices to a specific torque. The updated code requires that a calibrated torque tool be used to achieve indicated torque values for equipment terminals. This rule applies in all cases except those in which the manufacturer provides an alternative method in their installation instructions.
States abiding by the 2017 code must utilize a calibrated torque tool when device installation instructions provide a tightening torque numeric value. Those states on 2020 code or later now must follow the expanded 2017 rule of utilizing an “approved means” to achieve the necessary torque value. Most device manufacturers always include a numeric torque value. This means electricians are now responsible for obtaining expensive torque drivers (or other acceptable calibrated equipment), adding time and expense to every installation.
HUBBELL 無(wú)螺絲端接解決方案
HUBBELL screwless termination solutions
HUBBELL 無(wú)螺絲端接解決方案無(wú)需扭矩設(shè)備和多次檢查。多年前，HUBBELL 推出了 SNAPConnect? 模塊化設(shè)備，該設(shè)備使用帶連接器的尾纖，方便在粗裝階段輕松更換和預(yù)接線。
HUBBELL 最近推出了首款獲得專(zhuān)利的 EdgeConnect? 彈簧夾端子設(shè)備。EdgeConnect 解決方案允許用戶簡(jiǎn)單地插入電線，按下顏色編碼的柱塞，即可完成端接，所需時(shí)間不到傳統(tǒng)螺絲端子設(shè)備的一半。隨著熱量和振動(dòng)的增加，彈簧夾會(huì)更加牢固地壓入導(dǎo)體，從而隨著時(shí)間的推移真正擰緊，而不是松弛。
SnapConnect 和 EdgeConnect 端接類(lèi)型均適用于廣泛的接線設(shè)備產(chǎn)品線，可節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。它們無(wú)需任何扭矩要求設(shè)備或擔(dān)憂！
HUBBELL screwless termination solutions eliminate the need for torque equipment and multiple inspections. Years ago, HUBBELL introduced SNAPConnect? modular devices that facilitate easy change outs and prewiring at the rough-in phase using connectorized pigtails.
HUBBELL recently launched the first ever patented EdgeConnect? spring clamp terminal devices. The EdgeConnect solution allows users to simply insert their wires, press the color-coded plungers, and complete the terminations in less than half the time of a traditional screw terminal device. As heat and vibrations increase over time, the spring clamp presses into the conductor even more firmly to actually tighten over time, rather than relaxing.
Both SnapConnect and EdgeConnect termination styles are available across the breadth of our wiring device product lines and will save you time and money. They eliminate the need for any torque requirement equipment or concerns!
背景：電氣終端的類(lèi)型
The background: types of electrical terminations
電氣安裝通常采用螺釘端接，這是一種通過(guò)擰緊螺釘來(lái)固定電線的電氣連接類(lèi)型：
Electrical installations are commonly made by screw terminations, a type of electrical connection where a wire is held by the tightening of a screw:
側(cè)面接線
Side wiring
設(shè)備側(cè)面接線需要使用側(cè)面的接線端子螺釘連接電線。使用鉗子將電線彎曲成“魚(yú)鉤”形狀，然后將鉤子套在螺釘上。然后，電工必須用螺絲刀擰緊螺釘。由于側(cè)面接線在市場(chǎng)上長(zhǎng)期可靠，因此通常更受青睞，但依賴于經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的電工。
Side wiring a device involves attaching wires using the side terminal screws. A pair of pliers is used to bend the wire, creating a “fishhook”, and the hook is placed around the screw. Then an electrician must tighten the screw with a screwdriver. Side wiring is often preferred due to its long history of reliability on the market but is dependent on a knowledgeable electrician.
背面接線
Back wiring
背面接線時(shí)，電線會(huì)從接線夾下方滑入相應(yīng)的螺絲，然后由電工擰緊螺絲。通常，背面接線更容易，因?yàn)樗鼰o(wú)需手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建“魚(yú)鉤”。不過(guò)，仍然需要用到螺絲刀。
During back wiring, wires are slid under the terminal clamp to the appropriate screw and then an electrician must tighten the screw. Generally, back wiring is easier as it eliminates the need to manually create the “fishhook.” However, a screwdriver is still necessary.
推入式端接
Push-in terminations
推入式端接也稱為“推線”或“背刺”端接，可實(shí)現(xiàn)免工具端接導(dǎo)線。在推線端接中，導(dǎo)線只需插入連接器或接線端子即可夾緊導(dǎo)線。然而，這種端接方式不太牢固，并且可能會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而松弛。它們僅允許使用 15 安/14 AWG 的導(dǎo)線（為了防止 12-10 AWG 的導(dǎo)線接線錯(cuò)誤，孔位不允許更大的導(dǎo)線插入）。如果發(fā)生接線錯(cuò)誤，則無(wú)法重新端接。這種端接方式常用于住宅 DIY 環(huán)境中。
Also known as “push wire” or “back stab” terminations, push-in terminations allow for tool-free termination of conductors. In push wire terminations, wires are simply inserted into a connector or terminal block that grips the wire. However, these terminations are not as secure and may relax over time. They only allow for 15Amp/14AWG wire (the hole will not allow for larger conductor as means of preventing miswiring with 12-10AWG). If miswiring occurs there is no way to redo the termination. This style is frequently used in residential DIY settings.
無(wú)螺絲端接
Screwless terminations
無(wú)螺絲端接在市場(chǎng)上相對(duì)較新，有望最終成為首選的接線設(shè)備安裝方法。
Screwless terminations are relatively new to the market and poised to eventually become the preferred wiring device installation methods.
模塊化設(shè)備
Modular devices
模塊化設(shè)備也稱為連接式/連接器式或尾纖式設(shè)備。這類(lèi)設(shè)備需要在導(dǎo)體上安裝防觸電外殼，并通過(guò)導(dǎo)線形成“尾纖”，尾纖必須單獨(dú)訂購(gòu)（每臺(tái)設(shè)備都需要一個(gè)）。模塊化設(shè)備還設(shè)有一個(gè)端子區(qū)域，用于插入連接器。
Modular devices are also known as connected/connectorized or pigtailed devices. These require finger-safe housing on the conductors with wire leads to create a “pigtail” which must be ordered separately (one is needed for every device). The modular devices then have a terminal area for the connector to be inserted.
彈簧端接
Spring termination
一種包含帶有彈簧夾或彈簧機(jī)構(gòu)的端子的裝置，導(dǎo)線的剝線端插入其中，并通過(guò)杠桿施加壓力。
A device containing a terminal with a spring action clamp or spring mechanism where the stripped end of a conductor is inserted and a lever applies pressure, like our EdgeConnect solutions.
扭矩與螺釘端接有何關(guān)系？
What torque has to do with screw terminations
對(duì)于螺釘端接、背面接線和側(cè)面接線，適當(dāng)?shù)呐ぞ貙?duì)于確?？煽堪踩倪B接以及防止電氣火災(zāi)至關(guān)重要。適當(dāng)?shù)呐ぞ乜杀３蛛姎膺B接緊固牢固，從而防止機(jī)械和電氣故障，并確保電氣系統(tǒng)在其整個(gè)使用壽命期間高效運(yùn)行。
電氣端接扭矩不當(dāng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致一系列問(wèn)題，危及電氣系統(tǒng)的安全性、效率和使用壽命。扭矩不足和扭矩過(guò)大都會(huì)造成后果。
扭矩不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致連接松動(dòng)，從而引發(fā)電弧、過(guò)熱和潛在的電氣火災(zāi)。扭矩過(guò)大會(huì)損壞電氣元件，例如螺紋剝落或設(shè)備外殼破裂，從而損害電氣系統(tǒng)的完整性。
For screw terminations, back wiring and side wiring, proper torquing is crucial to ensure reliable and safe connections and prevent electrical fires. Proper torque keeps electrical connections tight and secure to prevent mechanical and electrical failures and ensure efficient operation of electrical systems over their lifespan.
Improper torque in electrical terminations can lead to a range of issues that compromise the safety, efficiency, and longevity of electrical systems. Both under-torquing and over-torquing have consequences.
Under-torquing can result in loose connections, leading to arcing, overheating, and potential electrical fires. Over-torquing can damage electrical components, such as stripping threads or cracking device housings, compromising the integrity of the electrical system.
SNAPConnect 和 EdgeConnect 技術(shù)消除扭矩顧慮
SNAPConnect and EdgeConnect technology eliminate torque concerns
SNAPConnect 和 EdgeConnect 是專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)電氣設(shè)備的技術(shù)，可簡(jiǎn)化電氣連接并提高其可靠性。這些技術(shù)應(yīng)用于插座和開(kāi)關(guān)，旨在提供安全一致的連接，無(wú)需傳統(tǒng)的螺絲端子。
SNAPConnect 插座采用模塊化接線裝置系統(tǒng)，簡(jiǎn)化了安裝和維護(hù)。SNAPConnect 裝置采用卡入式結(jié)構(gòu)，無(wú)需使用螺絲刀或扭矩扳手手動(dòng)擰緊。該設(shè)計(jì)確保在插入電線并卡入到位時(shí)施加正確的力，并符合制造商的安全連接規(guī)范。
EdgeConnect 無(wú)螺絲端接系統(tǒng)是另一項(xiàng)先進(jìn)的接線裝置技術(shù)。內(nèi)置的強(qiáng)力鋼彈簧可夾緊電線，確保連接可靠。無(wú)需螺絲，也無(wú)需螺絲刀或扭矩扳手，因此不存在扭矩問(wèn)題。只需插入電線并扣緊控制桿即可。
無(wú)論安裝人員的培訓(xùn)水平如何，這種萬(wàn)無(wú)一失且持久耐用的連接都能確保高質(zhì)量的結(jié)果。這種無(wú)螺絲端接系統(tǒng)還能縮短端接時(shí)間。EdgeConnect 技術(shù)采用彈簧端接，防止線束松弛，徹底革新了電氣連接。
無(wú)螺絲端接是傳統(tǒng)接線方法的現(xiàn)代替代方案，高效可靠，無(wú)需擔(dān)心扭矩是否合適。
SNAPConnect and EdgeConnect are specific technologies for electrical devices that simplify and enhance the reliability of electrical connections. These technologies are used in receptacles and switches. They are designed to provide secure and consistent connections without traditional screw terminals.
SNAPConnect receptacles feature a modular wiring device system that simplifies installation and maintenance. SNAPConnect devices use a snap-in mechanism that doesn’t require manual torquing with a screwdriver or torque wrench. The design ensures that the correct amount of force is applied when the wires are inserted and snapped into place, adhering to the manufacturer’s specifications for a secure connection.
The EdgeConnect Screwless Termination system is another advanced wiring device technology. Strong steel springs inside grip wires tight for a reliable connection. There are no screws, and no screwdrivers or torque wrenches are required, so there are no torque issues. Simply insert the wire and engage the lever.
The foolproof and long-lasting connection ensures a high-quality result regardless of the installer's level of training. This screwless termination system also reduces termination time. With spring termination preventing strand relaxation, EdgeConnect technology revolutionizes electrical connections.
Screwless terminations are a modern alternative to traditional wiring methods, offering efficiency and reliability and eliminating concerns over proper torque.
確保螺釘端子扭矩一致的技巧和竅門(mén)
Tips and tricks for consistent torque on screw terminals
在電氣安裝過(guò)程中，保持一致的扭矩對(duì)于電氣系統(tǒng)的安全性、可靠性和使用壽命至關(guān)重要。以下是一些有助于保持一致扭矩應(yīng)用的實(shí)用技巧和竅門(mén)：
1. 使用優(yōu)質(zhì)扭矩工具
2. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作程序
3. 使用扭矩指示器或數(shù)字工具
4. 實(shí)施質(zhì)量檢查
5. 了解并根據(jù)環(huán)境因素進(jìn)行調(diào)整
6. 使用正確的技術(shù)
Achieving consistent torque during electrical installations is crucial to the safety, reliability, and longevity of electrical systems. Here are some practical tips and tricks to help maintain consistent torque applications:
1. Use quality torque tools
2. Standardize procedures
3. Use torque indicators or digital tools
4. Implement quality checks
5. Understand and adjust for environmental factors
6. Use correct techniques
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